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This authentication occurs automatically, and it is not possible to sign out of an IP authenticated account.Ĭhoose this option to get remote access when outside your institution. Typically, access is provided across an institutional network to a range of IP addresses. If you are a member of an institution with an active account, you may be able to access content in one of the following ways: Get help with access Institutional accessĪccess to content on Oxford Academic is often provided through institutional subscriptions and purchases. The idea/expression dichotomy may be a simple principle but distinguishing between “protectable expression” and “unprotectable ideas” is difficult. Section 102(b) of the Copyright Act codifies this “idea/expression” dichotomy as central to the innovation policy expressed in the copyright and patent laws. This last part is very important because there is a complex difference between ideas and expression of ideas. Copyright only protects (1) works of authorship of certain types (2) that are original to the author (3) that are fixed in certain forms and (4) that are expressions of ideas, not the ideas themselves. It also examines the defenses available to a defendant. It explains what kinds of work can be copyrighted, the duration of the copyright protection that is granted, the nature of the rights granted to the author, and how they can be infringed upon. It starts by reviewing the historical development of the copyright system, and shows the necessary conditions for authors to gain copyright protection of their intellectual work.

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